Metallic materials are inorganic substances, usually combinations of metallic elements, such as iron, titanium, aluminum, and gold, which may also contain small amounts of non-metallic elements, such as carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen. Metals are rarely used as a pure element but are mixed with other elements to form an alloy. This is usually necessary to obtain the required properties of the material. The three factors that influence the choice of metals and alloys as biomaterials are:
• (i) physical and mechanical properties
• (ii) degradation of the material
• (iii) biocompatibility.
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